Recently, it is reported that only the male mice exhibit the sociability increase while the female mice show an anxiety increase following acute isolation, providing gender-specific phenotypes. Acute (24 h) social isolation increases the motivation to socially interact. Given the scope of this sexual dimorphic symptoms, understanding the biological variations by gender in ASD and further applying to treatments have been challenging.Īs maintaining social bond is an important factor in socially innate animals, social isolation and loneliness are complicated issues in patients with ASD. In fact, several literatures have reported the existence of gender-specific risk in ASD patients, supporting the necessity of research. Although accumulating reports reveal the link between ASD and genetic mutations to help understand the mechanism of ASD, the number of cases with gender distribution still remains small. One of the core characteristics of ASD is social deficit, in which the phenotype is well reproduced in various animal models of ASD. These observations provide evidence that animal models of ASD have the sensitivity to acute social isolation and further show the motivation to socially interact.Īutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic effect. While only the male wild-type (WT) mice display increased sociability following 24-h isolation, both sexes of Shank2 −/− mice show an increase in social interaction following isolation. Here, we used Shank2-deficient ( Shank2 −/−) mice, one of the animal models of ASD, to examine the sociability changes after acute social isolation. However, it remains to be explored whether the effects of loneliness in ASD differ between genders. Acute social isolation increases the motivation to socially interact in a gender-dependent manner, as only the male mice show increase in sociability following isolation. Although social impairment in ASD is one of the well characterized phenotypes, loneliness issue resides in patients with ASD and emerging reports show gender distribution in symptoms. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Īutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is neuropsychiatric disorder with a gender specific risk. ![]() If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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